Raw or Undercooked Mussels and Other Bivalves Bivalves (oysters, clams, and rapani) are filter-feeding organisms that accumulate parasites from polluted waters. They can carry trematodes (flatworms) that infect humans. Consuming raw or undercooked bivalves significantly increases the risk of ingesting these parasites and can lead to long-term health consequences.
Unwashed fruits and vegetables Fresh produce that is not properly washed or peeled can carry parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii (which causes toxoplasmosis) and Giardia (which causes giardiasis). The soil in which fruits and vegetables are grown may be contaminated, and improper handling during transport or at the market can lead to contamination. Proper washing is essential to reduce the risk of infection.
Unpasteurized Dairy Products Raw milk, cheese, and yogurt can contain dangerous parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia. These parasites are resistant to common cleaning and disinfection methods, making raw dairy products a significant risk. Pasteurization kills harmful microorganisms and makes the products safer to consume.
